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Carbon : Nitrogen Ratios

Anneliese Abbott

Carbon:Nitrogen Ratios: How to Make Sure Nitrogen Is Available When Your Crops Need It

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What is in this Free White Paper?

This resource offers farmers and land stewards a practical guide to understanding and managing carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratios in organic farming systems to ensure optimal nitrogen availability for crops. It explains the biological nitrogen cycle, highlights the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and legumes, and describes how improper residue management can cause nitrogen immobilization, leading to deficiency symptoms in crops.

Nitrogen cycle basics: How nitrogen moves through organic systems and the importance of biological fixation.
C:N ratios explained: The significance of matching the C:N ratio of organic inputs to soil microbial needs to avoid nitrogen immobilization.

Composting strategies: How to create balanced compost (target C:N ~30:1) and tips for backyard and farm-scale composting, with C:N ratios of common materials provided.
Field management practices: Including residue management, crop rotations with legumes, cover cropping, and sheet composting to maintain nitrogen availability during key crop growth periods.

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Prepared by Acres U.S.A. for USDA TOPP, this white paper is supported through the USDA Organic Transition Initiative and offers cutting-edge knowledge backed by real-world experience.

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